•The greatest number of students are retained in the first grade. Those who have been
held-back are 2+ times are more likely to quit school
•African~American students and Hispanic
students are retained twice as often as Caucasian students.
•40% of repeaters are in the lowest
socioeconomic quartile
•On average, it costs the U.S. $10
billion annually to have students repeat a grade.
•Over $2 billion is spent in remedial
courses in college.
•Edutopia,
September/October, 2004